Does Vaginal Cancer Affect Fertility

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 The National Cancer Institute is conducting and funding research to learn more about HPV:

 The Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG) conducts research into cervical and other HPV-related cancers to advance our understanding of how HPV causes cancer, evaluates screening practices to determine the most effective methods to detect precancerous changes early, develops and tests new approaches to screening that may be easier to use in low-resource settings, and refines tools for risk assessment in the clinic to help health care providers follow up on abnormal screening test results. Investigators in DCEG conducted the first population-based clinical trial of HPV vaccines.

 The Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) conducts and fosters the development of research on the prevention and early detection of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers and related conditions.

 The Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) supports research-tested intervention programs related to HPV and the investigation of implementation strategies to promote the HPV vaccine in regions with low HPV vaccine rates.

 The Center for Cancer Research (CCR) is home to scientists and clinicians who are exploring the cutting-edge of cancer-related research. CCR scientists work on a wide spectrum of biological and biomedical problems, including HPV. Investigators in CCR conducted the research that led to the initial development and characterization of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines.

 There are currently no screening tests for detecting vaginal cancer in asymptomatic women. Women who have precancerous areas of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) or early-stage vaginal cancer often experience no symptoms that would otherwise indicate a need for medical attention. There are, however, some general medical tests that can detect VAIN and other abnormalities that could indicate the need for further diagnostic testing. Being aware of warning signs and keeping up with well-woman recommendations can help catch cancer in early stages when there are more treatment options available.

 An annual Pap test for women under age 65 (a Pap smear cannot detect vaginal cancer, but can detect cervical cancer and cervical precancerous conditions, which are often precursors to vaginal cancer)

 An annual human papilloma virus (HPV) test for women over age 30 (HPV can increase a woman’s risk of developing vaginal cancer)

 In addition, women are encouraged to learn about the risk factors for vaginal cancer, pay close attention to their bodies, become familiar with what is normal for them and report any unusual changes promptly to a physician. A physician can also provide individualized risk management and vaginal cancer prevention strategies.

Does Vaginal Cancer Affect Fertility

 The multispecialty team in the gynecologic clinic at Moffitt Cancer Center is highly skilled and experienced in using the most advanced techniques and technology to diagnose and treat vaginal cancer. Additionally, our nationally acclaimed research team is continually developing and evaluating new screening methods and treatments. Our patients benefit from the expertise of a National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center that offers a full range of diagnostic, treatment and supportive care services, and is well equipped to address not only cancer, but all of a patient’s health and wellness needs.

 Vaginal cancer is a type of gynecologic cancer in which malignant cells develop in the vagina. It's a rare form of cancer that commonly found in women over 50 years old. The survival rate varies depending on multiple factors, including the disease stage at the time of diagnosis. As with most types of cancer, it's advisable to keep an eye for physical symptoms and do regular gynecologic exams every year to detect any anomalies as early as possible.

  In the sections below, you can learn more about vaginal cancer, including: Signs & Symptoms Risk Factors & Prevention Diagnosing & Detection Staging Treatment Options Signs & Symptoms of Vaginal Cancer Vaginal cancer doesn't usually display early symptoms. Most people find out about it during a pelvic exam or Pap test. Symptoms accompanying vaginal cancer are often confused with those of other conditions. Having said that, if you experience one of the below symptoms, consider seeking advice from a doctor:

  Vaginal bleeding not during menstruation Pain while urinating Unexplained pain in the pelvic area Pain during sexual intercourse A lump in the vaginal area Risk Factors & Prevention of Vaginal Cancer Most vaginal cancers are caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). However, studies have shown that your risk for vaginal cancer increases depending on a combination of factors. This doesn't mean that not having any risk factors doesn't mean it won't happen to you. Research has shown that regular gynecologic exams can help vaginal cancer, along with other types of gynecologic cancers, to be detected early.

  People are placed in a high-risk group for vaginal cancer if they have the following characteristics: They have human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. They are over 50 years old. 80% of all vaginal cancer patients are over 50 years old. They were exposed to the Diethylstilbestrol drug while in their mother's womb. DES drug was used to prevent miscarriage in the 1950s. They smoke or have a history of smoking. They have previous radiation exposure to the pelvic area. The FDA approves the HPV vaccine Gardasil for vaginal cancer prevention.

  Apart from the Gardasil vaccine, there are certain habits you can follow to lower the risk of getting vaginal cancer: Practice safe sex and delay sexual intercourse until late teens or older. Get regular Pap tests Avoid smoking Avoid having sex with multiple partners Download the Guide for Women Diagnosed with Gynecologic Cancer Detecting & Diagnosing Vaginal Cancer Your doctor may use many tests to detect or diagnose vaginal cancer. The most common way vaginal cancer is detected is through a Pap test, or pap swear. During a pap smear, a piece of cotton or a small wooden stick is used to collect cells in the vagina and cervix area. These cells are then analyzed under a microscope for abnormality.

 Before a Pap test, your doctor will collect information about your health history and carry out a pelvic exam. During a pelvic exam, your doctor or nurse will inspect your uterus, vagina, rectum, ovaries, and cervix to check for abnormalities such as lumps.

 In addition to Pap tests and pelvic exams, your doctors may also use the following tests for diagnosis:

 Human papillomavirus (HPV) test: This test can be done using the cells collected during a Pap test. The cervical cells are collected, and their DNA structures are analyzed to determine if an HPV infection is present.

 Colposcopy: A diagnostic procedure in which a device called a colposcope is used to carefully examine the vagina, vulva, and cervix for signs of cancer. Your oncologist may recommend this procedure if your Pap test shows abnormal results.

 Biopsy: If the Pap test result shows anything suspicious, a biopsy can be carried out during a colposcopy to collect tissues from the cervix and vagina for later analysis under a microscope. If the gynecologist suspects cancer, they may request further images to be done, such as an MRI or a PET scan to find out if cancer has spread beyond the vagina.

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